{"id":726,"date":"2021-08-29T13:03:41","date_gmt":"2021-08-29T13:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/?p=726"},"modified":"2024-05-28T13:12:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T13:12:33","slug":"leo-simpson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/?p=726","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9o Simpson"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"726\" class=\"elementor elementor-726\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11ad091 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11ad091\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4645320\" data-id=\"4645320\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a05e75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-page-title\" data-id=\"9a05e75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"page-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"hfe-page-title hfe-page-title-wrapper elementor-widget-heading\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/leonardocecchin.it\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tL\u00e9o Simpson  \n\t\t\t<\/h2 > \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca86f70 my-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ca86f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf21411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf21411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #352a87;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">PhD Candidate in Mathematics at Tool-Temp AG and at the University of Freiburg<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d04271b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d04271b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"width: 1120px; margin-bottom: 5px;\" data-id=\"571d48f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><p><b style=\"color: #333333; font-size: 1rem;\">Tool-Temp AG<\/b><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fe98ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fe98ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f52f17\" data-id=\"6f52f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca30c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ca30c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-727\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/photosimpson-scaled-e1633179811970-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a8d2e4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"3a8d2e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=MZeWq1SVDH0&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b93b98\" data-id=\"4b93b98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d2ff49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d2ff49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leo Simpson was born Toulouse, France, in 1996. After studying scientific topics during two years of &#8220;Classe Pr\u00e9paratoire&#8221;, he studied at Ecole Polytechnique from 2016 to 2019, for a master of applied mathematics. During these studies, he has been focusing on mathematics, and more, in a multidisciplinary formation involving physics, mechanics, chemistry, and engineering sciences.\u00a0<\/p><p>He pursued his studies doing a master of mathematics at the Technical University of Munich from 2019 to 2021. This master&#8217;s degree was focused on optimization, and his master thesis topic was numerical optimal control applied to walking robots, in a group of researchers from Siemens Technology. He then decided to start his Ph.D. in Tool-temp, under the supervision of Dr. Jonas Asprion and Prof. Moritz Diehl, in the framework of the Marie Curie Initial Training Network \u201cELO-X\u201d.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6009267 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6009267\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9156808\" data-id=\"9156808\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67e3347 my-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"67e3347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcef1d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bcef1d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668d476\" data-id=\"668d476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3490a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d3490a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Project description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6887ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6887ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tool-temp is a company producing Temperature Control Units, tools that control the temperature of a variety of industrial processes by means of circulating a thermal fluid. The dynamics of temperature transfers involved in these processes can be quite complex and are hard to model as they strongly depend on unknown parameters of the industrial process. The aim of this Ph.D. project is to investigate algorithms which simultaneously learn the parameters of these dynamics and perform a suitable control policy to control the temperature over these dynamics, using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme.<\/p><p>Considering that other control applications might also benefit from general tools for parametric system identification, the development of efficient and reliable algorithms for parametric system identification will be central to this project.<\/p><p>Both numerical and real machine experiments are considered, to assess the quality of different algorithms.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af86bdd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"af86bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/?p=2624\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read more about this project<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e232e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e232e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b0cb7c\" data-id=\"4b0cb7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6a5e89 my-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c6a5e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473a9d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"473a9d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac88345 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"ac88345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"teachpress_pub_list\"><form name=\"tppublistform\" method=\"get\"><a name=\"tppubs\" id=\"tppubs\"><\/a><div class=\"tp_search_input\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"p\" id=\"page_id\" value=\"726\"\/><input name=\"tsr\" id=\"tp_search_input_field\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Enter search word\" value=\"\" tabindex=\"1\"\/><div class=\"teachpress_search_button\"><input name=\"tps_button\" class=\"tp_search_button\" type=\"submit\" tabindex=\"10\" value=\"Search\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/form><div class=\"teachpress_publication_list\"><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_inproceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">1.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Simpson, L\u00e9o;  Xie, Jing;  Asprion, Jonas;  Scattolini, Riccardo<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">A Learning-based Model Predictive Control Scheme with Application to Temperature Control Units<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  inproceedings\">Proceedings Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_booktitle\">2024 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 675-680, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">IEEE, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_address\">Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2024<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2768-0770<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_74\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_74\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_74\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_74\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@inproceedings{xie2024learningbased,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {A Learning-based Model Predictive Control Scheme with Application to Temperature Control Units},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L\u00e9o Simpson and Jing Xie and Jonas Asprion and Riccardo Scattolini<br \/>\r\n},<br \/>\r\nurl = {https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.05606},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1109\/CCTA60707.2024.10666571},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2768-0770},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2024},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2024-09-11},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2024-09-11},<br \/>\r\nbooktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)},<br \/>\r\npages = {675-680},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IEEE},<br \/>\r\naddress = {Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {Temperature control is a complex task due to its often unknown dynamics and disturbances. This paper explores the use of Neural Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous (NNARX) models for nonlinear system identification and model predictive control of a temperature control unit. First, the NNARX model is identified from input-output data collected from the real plant, and a state-space representation with known measurable states consisting of past input and output variables is formulated. Second, a tailored model predictive controller is designed based on the trained NNARX network. The proposed control architecture is experimentally tested on the temperature control units manufactured by Tool-Temp AG. The results achieved are compared with those obtained using a PI controller and a linear MPC. The findings illustrate that the proposed scheme achieves satisfactory tracking performance while incurring the lowest energy cost among the compared controllers.},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {inproceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_74\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">Temperature control is a complex task due to its often unknown dynamics and disturbances. This paper explores the use of Neural Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous (NNARX) models for nonlinear system identification and model predictive control of a temperature control unit. First, the NNARX model is identified from input-output data collected from the real plant, and a state-space representation with known measurable states consisting of past input and output variables is formulated. Second, a tailored model predictive controller is designed based on the trained NNARX network. The proposed control architecture is experimentally tested on the temperature control units manufactured by Tool-Temp AG. The results achieved are compared with those obtained using a PI controller and a linear MPC. The findings illustrate that the proposed scheme achieves satisfactory tracking performance while incurring the lowest energy cost among the compared controllers.<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_74\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-arxiv\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.05606\" title=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.05606\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.05606<\/a><\/li><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/CCTA60707.2024.10666571\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1109\/CCTA60707.2024.10666571\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1109\/CCTA60707.2024.10666571<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('74','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_inproceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">2.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Simpson, L\u00e9o;  Asprion, Jonas;  Muntwiler, Simon;  K\u00f6hler, Johannes;  Diehl, Moritz<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Parallelizable Parametric Nonlinear System Identification via tuning of a Moving Horizon State Estimator<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  inproceedings\">Proceedings Article<\/span> <span class=\"tp_pub_label_status forthcoming\">Forthcoming<\/span><\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span>Forthcoming<span class=\"tp_pub_additional_note\">, (Accepted to the 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 2024 (CDC))<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_87\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_87\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_87\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_87\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@inproceedings{Simpson2024Parallelizable,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Parallelizable Parametric Nonlinear System Identification via tuning of a Moving Horizon State Estimator},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L\u00e9o Simpson and Jonas Asprion and Simon Muntwiler and Johannes K\u00f6hler and Moritz Diehl},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.17858},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2024},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2024-05-29},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2024-05-29},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {This paper introduces a novel optimization-based approach for parametric nonlinear system identification. Building upon the prediction error method framework, traditionally used for linear system identification, we extend its capabilities to nonlinear systems. The predictions are computed using a moving horizon state estimator with a constant arrival cost. Eventually, both the system parameters and the arrival cost are estimated by minimizing the sum of the squared prediction errors. Since the predictions are induced by the state estimator, the method can be viewed as the tuning of a state estimator, based on its predictive capacities. The present extension of the prediction error method not only enhances performance for nonlinear systems but also enables learning from multiple trajectories with unknown initial states, broadening its applicability in practical scenarios. Additionally, the novel formulation leaves room for the design of efficient and parallelizable optimization algorithms, since each output prediction only depends on a fixed window of past actions and measurements. In the special case of linear time-invariant systems, we show an important property of the proposed method which suggests asymptotic consistency under reasonable assumptions. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the approach, and one of the examples also highlights the necessity for the arrival cost.},<br \/>\r\nnote = {Accepted to the 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 2024 (CDC)},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {forthcoming},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {inproceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_87\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">This paper introduces a novel optimization-based approach for parametric nonlinear system identification. Building upon the prediction error method framework, traditionally used for linear system identification, we extend its capabilities to nonlinear systems. The predictions are computed using a moving horizon state estimator with a constant arrival cost. Eventually, both the system parameters and the arrival cost are estimated by minimizing the sum of the squared prediction errors. Since the predictions are induced by the state estimator, the method can be viewed as the tuning of a state estimator, based on its predictive capacities. The present extension of the prediction error method not only enhances performance for nonlinear systems but also enables learning from multiple trajectories with unknown initial states, broadening its applicability in practical scenarios. Additionally, the novel formulation leaves room for the design of efficient and parallelizable optimization algorithms, since each output prediction only depends on a fixed window of past actions and measurements. In the special case of linear time-invariant systems, we show an important property of the proposed method which suggests asymptotic consistency under reasonable assumptions. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the approach, and one of the examples also highlights the necessity for the arrival cost.<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_87\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.17858\" title=\"Follow DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.17858\" target=\"_blank\">doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.17858<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('87','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_inproceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">3.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Simpson, L\u00e9o;  Ghezzi, Andrea;  Asprion, Jonas;  Diehl, Moritz<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">An Efficient Method for the Joint Estimation of System Parameters and Noise Covariances for Linear Time-Variant Systems <\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  inproceedings\">Proceedings Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_booktitle\">2023 Conference of Decision and Control (CDC) , <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 4524-4529, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">IEEE, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_address\">Singapore, Singapore, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2024<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_issn\">ISSN: 2576-2370<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_43\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_43\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_43\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_43\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@inproceedings{Simpson2023EMJE,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {An Efficient Method for the Joint Estimation of System Parameters and Noise Covariances for Linear Time-Variant Systems },<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L\u00e9o Simpson and Andrea Ghezzi and Jonas Asprion and Moritz Diehl},<br \/>\r\nurl = {https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.12302},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383686},<br \/>\r\nissn = {2576-2370},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2024},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2024-01-19},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2024-01-19},<br \/>\r\nbooktitle = {2023 Conference of Decision and Control (CDC) },<br \/>\r\npages = {4524-4529},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IEEE},<br \/>\r\naddress = {Singapore, Singapore},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {We present an optimization-based method for the joint estimation of system parameters and noise covariances of linear time-variant systems. Given measured data, this method maximizes the likelihood of the parameters. We solve the optimization problem of interest via a novel structure-exploiting solver. We present the advantages of the proposed approach over commonly used methods in the framework of Moving Horizon Estimation. Finally, we show the performance of the method through numerical simulations on a realistic example of a thermal system. In this example, the method can successfully estimate the model parameters in a short computational time.},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {inproceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_43\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">We present an optimization-based method for the joint estimation of system parameters and noise covariances of linear time-variant systems. Given measured data, this method maximizes the likelihood of the parameters. We solve the optimization problem of interest via a novel structure-exploiting solver. We present the advantages of the proposed approach over commonly used methods in the framework of Moving Horizon Estimation. Finally, we show the performance of the method through numerical simulations on a realistic example of a thermal system. In this example, the method can successfully estimate the model parameters in a short computational time.<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_43\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-arxiv\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.12302\" title=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.12302\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.12302<\/a><\/li><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383686\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383686\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383686<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('43','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_inproceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">4.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Ghezzi, Andrea;  Simpson, L\u00e9o;  B\u00fcrger, Adrian;  Zeile, Clemens;  Sager, Sebastian;  Diehl, Moritz<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\"> A Voronoi-Based Mixed-Integer Gauss-Newton Algorithm for MINLP Arising in Optimal Control<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  inproceedings\">Proceedings Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_booktitle\">2023 European Control Conference (ECC), <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 1-7, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">IEEE, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_address\">Bucharest, Romania, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2023<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_isbn\">ISBN: 978-3-907144-08-4<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_56\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_56\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_56\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_56\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@inproceedings{Ghezzi2023a,<br \/>\r\ntitle = { A Voronoi-Based Mixed-Integer Gauss-Newton Algorithm for MINLP Arising in Optimal Control},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Andrea Ghezzi and L\u00e9o Simpson and Adrian B\u00fcrger and Clemens Zeile and Sebastian Sager and Moritz Diehl},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178130},<br \/>\r\nisbn = {978-3-907144-08-4},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2023},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2023-07-17},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2023-07-17},<br \/>\r\nbooktitle = {2023 European Control Conference (ECC)},<br \/>\r\npages = {1-7},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IEEE},<br \/>\r\naddress = {Bucharest, Romania},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {We present a new algorithm for addressing nonconvex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLPs) where the cost function is of nonlinear least squares form. We exploit this structure by leveraging a Gauss-Newton quadratic approximation of the original MINLP, leading to the formulation of a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP), which can be solved efficiently. The integer solution of the MIQP is used to fix the integer variables of the original MINLP, resulting in a standard Nonlinear Program. We introduce an iterative procedure to repeat the optimization of the two programs in order to improve the solution. To guide the iterations towards unexplored regions, we devise a strategy to partition the integer solution space based on Voronoi diagrams. Finally, we first illustrate the algorithm on a simple example of MINLP and then test it on an example of real-world complexity concerning the optimal control of an energy system. Here, the new algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods, finding a solution with a lower objective value, at the cost of requiring an increased runtime compared to other approximate methods.},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {inproceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_56\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">We present a new algorithm for addressing nonconvex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLPs) where the cost function is of nonlinear least squares form. We exploit this structure by leveraging a Gauss-Newton quadratic approximation of the original MINLP, leading to the formulation of a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP), which can be solved efficiently. The integer solution of the MIQP is used to fix the integer variables of the original MINLP, resulting in a standard Nonlinear Program. We introduce an iterative procedure to repeat the optimization of the two programs in order to improve the solution. To guide the iterations towards unexplored regions, we devise a strategy to partition the integer solution space based on Voronoi diagrams. Finally, we first illustrate the algorithm on a simple example of MINLP and then test it on an example of real-world complexity concerning the optimal control of an energy system. Here, the new algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods, finding a solution with a lower objective value, at the cost of requiring an increased runtime compared to other approximate methods.<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_56\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178130\" title=\"Follow DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178130\" target=\"_blank\">doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178130<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('56','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_inproceedings\"><div class=\"tp_pub_number\">5.<\/div><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\"> Simpson, L\u00e9o;  Nurkanovic, Armin;  Diehl, Moritz<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Direct Collocation for Numerical Optimal Control of Second-Order ODE<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  inproceedings\">Proceedings Article<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_in\">In: <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_booktitle\">2023 European Control Conference (ECC), <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_pages\">pp. 1-7, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">IEEE, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_address\">Bucharest, Romania, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2023<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_isbn\">ISBN: 978-3-907144-08-4<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_44\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_44\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_44\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_44\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@inproceedings{Simpson2023DCSODE,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Direct Collocation for Numerical Optimal Control of Second-Order ODE},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {L\u00e9o Simpson and Armin Nurkanovic and Moritz Diehl},<br \/>\r\nurl = {https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10178181},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178181},<br \/>\r\nisbn = {978-3-907144-08-4},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2023},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2023-07-17},<br \/>\r\nurldate = {2023-07-17},<br \/>\r\nbooktitle = {2023 European Control Conference (ECC)},<br \/>\r\npages = {1-7},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {IEEE},<br \/>\r\naddress = {Bucharest, Romania},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {Mechanical systems are usually modeled by second-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) which take the form q\u00a8=f(t, q, q\u02d9). While simulation methods tailored to these equations have been studied, using them in direct optimal control methods is rare. Indeed, the standard approach is to perform a state augmentation, adding the velocities to the state. The main drawback of this approach is that the number of decision variables is doubled, which could harm the performance of the resulting optimization problem. In this paper, we present an approach tailored to second-order ODE. We compare it with the standard one, both on theoretical aspects and in a numerical example. Notably, we show that the tailored formulation is likely to improve the performance of a direct collocation method, for solving optimal control problems with second-order ODE of the more restrictive form q\u00a8=f(t, q).},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {inproceedings}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_44\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">Mechanical systems are usually modeled by second-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) which take the form q\u00a8=f(t, q, q\u02d9). While simulation methods tailored to these equations have been studied, using them in direct optimal control methods is rare. Indeed, the standard approach is to perform a state augmentation, adding the velocities to the state. The main drawback of this approach is that the number of decision variables is doubled, which could harm the performance of the resulting optimization problem. In this paper, we present an approach tailored to second-order ODE. We compare it with the standard one, both on theoretical aspects and in a numerical example. Notably, we show that the tailored formulation is likely to improve the performance of a direct collocation method, for solving optimal control problems with second-order ODE of the more restrictive form q\u00a8=f(t, q).<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_44\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"fas fa-globe\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10178181\" title=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10178181\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10178181<\/a><\/li><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178181\" title=\"Follow DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178181\" target=\"_blank\">doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ECC57647.2023.10178181<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('44','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1a4136 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1a4136\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97228e5\" data-id=\"97228e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc3b5ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc3b5ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6e4557\" data-id=\"f6e4557\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tool-Temp AG<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esr","category-people"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=726"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2643,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726\/revisions\/2643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elo-x.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}